50+ Important Selenium Interview Questions and Answers 2023
Get ready to take your Selenium interview preparation to the next level! In this exciting post, we’ve curated over 50 essential Selenium interview questions and answers specifically tailored for the year 2023. Buckle up, because we’re about to equip you with the knowledge and confidence you need to ace your upcoming Selenium interview.
- What is Selenium?
Selenium is a super good software testing tool that can detect and eliminate pesky errors in web applications. It’s a dynamic software testing tool that’s revered by developers, QA testers, website owners, and anyone who wants to ensure their web applications are free from errors and bugs. Selenium is also a popular open-source gem, gem,that empowers you to put web applications through their paces across various browsers, platforms, and environments.
- What are some Selenium benefits?
Selenium brings a multitude of benefits to the table. It’s a true powerhouse!
One of the key perks of Selenium is its versatility. It’s your go-to tool for testing web browsers, web applications, and even user interfaces. But wait, there’s more! Selenium allows you to execute tests remotely, enabling you to scrutinize your software in different environments effortlessly.
- Also, Selenium boasts the remarkable ability to verify test results and unearth those sneaky errors that try to slip by unnoticed. With Selenium by your side, you can tackle various types of testing with ease, from functional and performance testing to regression testing. It’s a true all-rounder!
- What is the Selenium Testing Process?
But that’s not all! Selenium Testing goes beyond the surface, delving into the depths of performance and compatibility. It meticulously scrutinizes your website’s performance across different browsers, leaving no stone unturned. With Selenium Testing, you can rest assured that your website will perform like a star, no matter the browser it encounters.
- What are the different types of tests that can be conducted using Selenium?
- WebDriver: Considered the backbone of Selenium, WebDriver is your ultimate go-to for browser-based testing. It puts you in the driver’s seat, allowing you to control the browser and simulate user interactions.
- User Interface: Selenium empowers you to take charge of the user interface of web applications. Whether you’re testing forms, windows, or menus, Selenium lets you scrutinize every pixel and interaction to ensure a flawless user experience.
- Browser: With Selenium, you gain control over the browser itself. Imagine testing your web application’s behavior in different browsers, detecting any quirks or inconsistencies and ensuring a seamless experience across the board.
- Contextual: Selenium allows you to test your web application in different contexts or situations. By simulating various scenarios, you can ensure your application behaves consistently and flawlessly, regardless of the circumstances.
- Device: In today’s mobile-dominated world, testing your web application’s behavior on different devices is crucial. Selenium empowers you to take control of different devices, enabling comprehensive testing and ensuring a stellar user experience, no matter the screen size or platform.
- Remote: Selenium’s versatility knows no bounds! It allows you to control a remote computer, making remote testing a breeze. With this feature, you can effortlessly assess your web application’s behavior on a variety of remote setups.
- Web Services: Selenium isn’t limited to just testing the front-end. It can also be used to test web services, ensuring seamless communication between your application and external services. By testing the behavior of your web application when interacting with web services, you can catch any integration issues early on.
- Cross-Browser: Say goodbye to browser-specific issues! With Selenium, you can ensure your application shines brightly, delivering a consistent and flawless experience to users, no matter their browser preference.
- Cross-Platform: Selenium empowers you to test your web application’s behavior on different platforms, ensuring it works seamlessly regardless of the operating system or platform it’s accessed from.
- Web Application: At the heart of it all, Selenium is a champion when it comes to testing the behavior of web applications. From testing functionality to ensuring a smooth user experience, Selenium is your trusted companion throughout the entire web application testing journey.
6. What web-browsers are compatible with Selenium Testing?
Selenium Testing and browser compatibility makes it stand out. It ensures a seamless experience across different browsers. It is compatible with major browsers, thus you may enjoy Chrome’s lightning-fast performance, Firefox’s open-source magic, IE’s familiar territory, Opera’s sleekness, and Safari’s elegant embrace. That’s not all! Selenium goes the extra mile by supporting Internet Explorer 10 and 11, ensuring your web application shines on these versions.
8. What are the different types of issues that can be identified using Selenium?
Selenium is very powerful in identifying and conquering web page issues. It is a testing tool that fearlessly uncovers the hidden glitches lurking within your web pages, allowing you to swiftly intervene and rectify them before they wreak havoc. From pesky functional gremlins like broken links and non-responsive buttons to compatibility conundrums across various browsers and platforms, Selenium has your back. It can also unveil performance bottlenecks, ensuring your web application performs at its peak by exposing slow-loading pages and resource-intensive components. Oh, and let’s not forget the captivating world of browser-specific quirks. Selenium helps you tame these wild beasts by testing your application across different browsers, guaranteeing a consistent and delightful user experience.
9. What are the different types of users for Selenium Testing?
With Selenium, you can target a diverse range of users. It is a testing tool that can help your web application to cater for the needs of different user groups. Namely, Functional, Performance, and Other.
Other users are the trailblazers who utilize your product for non-functional purposes. They may include administrators, developers, or even curious enthusiasts who explore the depths of your application’s capabilities.
10. What are the tools for Selenium Testing?
Selenium offers a treasure trove of tools to automate your testing process, making your life as a developer a whole lot easier. Some of these enchanting tools include; WebDriver and ChromeDriver.
11. What are the advantages of automated testing?
This is a popular interview question in any Automation testing position.
- It saves both time and money. Automation testing is more efficient in execution.
- Code reusability. Create once and run several times with little or no upkeep.
- Simple reporting. Following test execution, it creates automated reports.
- Simple compatibility testing. It facilitates parallel execution in a variety of operating systems and browser contexts.
- Maintenance is inexpensive. In the long term, it is less expensive than manual testing.
- Automated testing is more trustworthy.
- Automated testing is more adaptable and powerful. We can combine automation tools with Cross Browser Testing Tools, Jenkins, Github, and other services.
- It is mostly used in regression testing. Allows for the execution of repeated test scenarios.
- Minimal manual intervention is required. Unattended execution of test scripts is possible.
- Complete coverage. It aids in increasing test coverage.
12. What are the Selenium WebDriver’s problems and limitations?
Selenium WebDriver, unfortunately, falls short when it comes to testing Windows applications. While it excels in web application testing, it’s unable to spread its wings to embrace the realm of Windows desktop applications. Alas, we must seek alternative tools for this specific type of testing.
Mobile application testing is another frontier where Selenium WebDriver faces its limitations.
Page load can be another roadblock on our Selenium journey. Sometimes, web pages take a while to load completely, and if we’re not cautious, WebDriver may try to interact with elements that are not yet available. This can lead to test failures and inaccurate results. Proper synchronization techniques and waits can come to the rescue here, allowing us to gracefully handle page load scenarios.
13. What kinds of tests did you automate?
Our primary goal is to automate test cases for Regression, Smoke, and Sanity testing. We do concentrate on End to End testing on occasion, depending on the project and the estimated test duration.
14. How many test cases do you automate each day?
It is one of the Selenium Interview Tricky Questions.
Actually, it is determined by the complexity and duration of the test case scenario. When the complexity is low, I can automate 2-5 test cases every day. When the complexity is large, only 1 or fewer test cases may be run in a day.
15. What exactly is a framework?
A framework is a collection of rules or best practices that we may use to attain the intended objectives in a methodical manner. There are several kinds of automation frameworks, the most prominent of which are:
- Data-Driven Testing Framework
- Keyword Driven Testing Framework
- Hybrid Testing Framework
- Behavioural Driven Framework
16. What kinds of test cases should be automated?
Here are the test cases to be automated
- Data-based case studies
- Complex test situations
- Test scenario with database modifications
- High test execution rate
- Critical/Smoke tests
- Experiments with combinations
- Graphed test cases
- Increased manual execution time
17. What kinds of test cases should not be automated?
The following kind of test cases should not be automated:
- Subjective validation
- New capabilities
- Strategic planning
- User experience focus
- Complex functionality
- Quality assurance
- Low ROI
- Installation and configuration testing
18. What are the benefits of using the Test Automation Framework?
- Code reusability.
- Simple reporting.
- Maintenance is inexpensive.
- Maximum Protection
- Manual intervention is limited.
19. Do you have any Frameworks?
If you are just starting out: “No, I didn’t have a chance to design a framework from scratch,” you may say. I utilized a framework that was previously available. My main contribution is the creation of test cases utilizing the current framework.”
If you are a newbie but have prior experience designing frameworks, you may respond, “Yes, I have participated in developing frameworks with other automation testers in my organization.”
If you are an experienced tester: You may state “I have contributed to building a framework.” or You can say “Yes, I have designed a framework from the beginning. My prior organization had no automated procedure. “I created the structure from the ground up.”
20. What are the components of the Selenium suite?
IDE for Selenium
It is a Firefox/Chrome plug-in designed to accelerate the writing of automation scripts. It captures the user’s web browser activities and saves them in a reusable script.
Remote Control for Selenium (RC)
The RC server lets users build application tests in a variety of programming languages. This server accepts test script commands and sends them to the browser as Selenium core JavaScript instructions. The browser then acts appropriately.
WebDriver for Selenium
WebDriver is a programming interface that aids in the creation and execution of test cases. It includes the ability to operate on web items. WebDriver, unlike RC, does not need an extra server and communicates with browser apps directly.
Grid of Selenium
The grid was developed to deliver instructions to several computers at the same time. It enables the concurrent execution of tests on many browsers and operating systems. It is very adaptable and may be used in conjunction with other suite components for simultaneous execution.
21. What are Selenium testing’s limitations?
Unavailability of dependable technical support: Because Selenium is an open-source technology, it does not have specialized technical assistance to answer user questions.
Only web apps are tested: To test desktop and mobile apps, Selenium must be connected with third-party technologies such as Appium and TestNG.
Image testing has limited support.
There is no built-in reporting or test management capability: To ease test reporting and management, Selenium must be connected with technologies such as TestNG or JUnit, among others.
Knowledge of programming languages may be required: Selenium WebDriver assumes the user has some basic programming skills.
22. What sorts of testing does Selenium support?
Selenium enables both regression and functional testing.
Regression testing is a whole or partial re-execution of previously performed test cases to confirm that current functionality continues to operate properly.
The steps are as follows:
- Re-testing: All of the tests in the current test suite are run again. It turns out to be quite costly and time-consuming.
- Regression test selection: Tests are divided into three types: feature tests, integration tests, and end-to-end tests. Some of the tests are chosen in this stage.
- Test case prioritization: The chosen test cases are prioritized based on their business effect and important functions.
- Functional testing entails verifying that every function of the application meets the needed specifications.
The steps involved are as follows:
- Determine the test input
- Calculate the exam result
- Carry out the exam
- Contrast the test result with the real result.
23. What is the difference between Selenium 2.0 and 3.0?
Selenium 2.0 is a program that facilitates the creation of automated testing for web applications. It symbolizes the union of the Selenium project with the WebDriver project. Selenium RC has been deprecated after the merging, however it is still used for backward compatibility.
Selenium 3.0 is a more comprehensive version of Selenium 2.0. It is backward compatible by design and does not need Selenium RC. The updated version included various bug fixes and improved stability.
24. What exactly is the same-origin policy, and how is it implemented?
The Same Origin policy was implemented for security reasons. This policy states that a web browser permits scripts from one site to access the contents of another webpage as long as both pages have the same origin. The origin is made up of the URL scheme, hostname, and port number.
A malicious script on one website cannot access sensitive data on another due to the same Origin Policy.
Consider the Google.com JavaScript application. This test application has access to all Google domain sites, such as google.com/login and google.com/mail. It cannot, however, access sites from other domains such as yahoo.com.
To remedy this, Selenium RC was created. The server works as a client-configured HTTP proxy, tricking the browser into thinking Selenium Core and the web application under test are both from the same location.
25. Is it possible to automate Captcha?
No, Captcha cannot be automated using Selenium. Captcha’s whole purpose is to prevent bots and automated programs from accessing sensitive information, which is why Selenium cannot automate it. The automation test engineer must input the captcha manually, although other areas may be completed automatically.
26. How does Selenium handle pop-ups on Windows?
Selenium was created to test web applications. Selenium does not natively support Windows-based capabilities. Third-party solutions such as AutoIT, Robot, and others, on the other hand, may be connected with Selenium to handle pop-ups and other Windows-based features.
27. What exactly is Selenese? What classification does it have?
Selenese is a collection of Selenium commands used to test your web application. Using Selenese, the tester may test broken links, the presence of an item on the UI, Ajax capabilities, notifications, windows, list choices, and much more.
Action: Commands that interact with the program directly.
Accessors enable the user to save certain values to a user-defined variable.
Assertions: Compares the application’s present state to an anticipated state.
28. Why is Selenium such a popular testing tool?
- Selenium is simple to use since it is written in JavaScript.
- Selenium can test web applications against a variety of browsers, including Firefox, Opera, Chrome, and Safari.
- Java, Perl, Python, and PHP are examples of programming languages that may be used to write test code.
- Selenium is platform-independent and may be used on a variety of operating systems including Windows, Linux, and Macintosh.
- For test management, Selenium may be connected with third-party technologies such as JUnit and TestNG.
29. Is WebDriver a class or an interface?
WebDriver is a public interface rather than a class. We just construct a WebDriver interface reference variable (driver). We may now assign an instance of a class (such as the FirefoxDriver class) that implements the WebDriver interface to utilize WebDriver methods.
30. What is the interface of WebDriver?
To enhance the Selenium tool with a plethora of features, the developers adopted an ingenious approach: creating WebDriver as an interface. This approach acknowledged the variations in browser logic that Selenium needed to accommodate.
By designing WebDriver as an interface, the developers established a mechanism consisting solely of abstract methods. These abstract methods, devoid of any specific implementation, provided users with a flexible platform to express their logic and reasoning. The WebDriver interface became a gateway to unleash the full potential of Selenium, allowing users to harness its capabilities through abstract method declarations.
31. How does the Selenium WebDriver work?
Selenium WebDriver operates in three distinct stages, each serving a crucial purpose in its functionality:
- Instruction Transmission: In the first step, instructions comprising programming code and Selenese commands are transmitted to the Selenium WebDriver server through the command line of the Selenium server.
- Javascript Instruction Delivery: Moving on to the second stage, the Selenium WebDriver Server delivers Javascript instructions to the Web Browser Driver. This process involves leveraging Javascript libraries to establish seamless communication between the Selenium WebDriver server and the driver components of the web browser.
- Web Application Interaction: The third and final phase revolves around the interaction between the Selenium Web Browser Driver components and the web application. Here, Selenium instructions are executed to perform user activities, including text input, button pressing, and other user interactions essential for testing and automation purposes.
These three stages collectively enable Selenium WebDriver to effectively carry out its tasks and facilitate seamless interaction between the testing framework and the web application under scrutiny.
32. What is the name of WebDriver’s super interface?
At the apex of the WebDriver hierarchy, we have the SearchContext interface, which holds immense significance in the Selenium framework. Acting as the cornerstone, SearchContext defines the essential contract for element searching and manipulation within a web page.
Supplementing SearchContext is the WebDriver interface, working in tandem to provide powerful capabilities for web automation. WebDriver serves as a complementary interface to SearchContext, offering additional functionalities and extending the capabilities of element discovery and interaction.
In the WebDriver interface, you will find two key methods: findElement() and findElements(). These methods serve as the primary means to locate and interact with web elements, enabling users to perform a wide range of automated testing and web development tasks efficiently.
Together, SearchContext and WebDriver form a robust foundation that empowers users to effectively search, locate, and interact with elements within web pages using Selenium.
33. What is RemoteWebDriver?
RemoteWebDriver is an important object class within the Selenium framework. It serves as an implementation of both the WebDriver and JavascriptExecutor interfaces, combining their functionalities into a single entity.
33. What programming languages does Selenium WebDiver support?
Selenium WebDriver offers extensive compatibility with various programming languages, allowing users to write automation code in their preferred language.
Here are some of the supported programming languages:
Java:
C#:
PHP:
Python:
Ruby:
Perl:
With the flexibility of choosing from these programming languages, developers can leverage their existing skills and preferences to create robust and efficient automation code using Selenium WebDriver.
34. What operating systems does Selenium WebDriver support?
Selenium WebDriver is compatible with a wide range of operating systems, including Windows, Linux, Mac OS, iOS, and Android.
34. How many WebDriver APIs are there in Selenium?
Selenium WebDriver provides support for a wide range of WebDriver APIs, each designed to facilitate interaction with specific web browsers and platforms.
Here are some of the commonly used WebDriver APIs:
- FirefoxDriver
- InternetExplorerDriver
- ChromeDriver
- HTMLUnitDriver
- OperaDriver
- SafariDriver
- AndroidDriver
- iPhoneDriver
- EventFiringWebDriver
35. What frameworks does Selenium WebDriver have with Java support?
When using Selenium WebDriver with Java, developers have the flexibility to choose between two popular testing frameworks: JUnit and TestNG. Both frameworks provide a robust and efficient way to structure and execute automated tests.
36. Does FirefoxDriver represent a class or an interface?
FirefoxDriver class in Java is an implementation of the WebDriver interface provided by Selenium. It specifically enables automation of the Firefox web browser.
37. How can we use Selenium WebDriver to run a web browser?
WebDriver is a kind of interface. By assigning a WebDriver reference, we build an object of a needed driver class, such as FirefoxDriver, ChromeDriver, InternetExplorerDriver, and so on. As an example:
a. To start Firefox Driver, use the following syntax: WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver ()
a. To launch Chrome Driver, use the following syntax: WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
WebDriver driver = new InternetExplorerDriver();
38 Why attach Firefox to a WebDriver reference, for example, WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver();?
Because it enables us to associate driver objects with multiple browser drivers, we assign the FirefoxDriver object to the WebDriver reference.
If we wish to switch between browsers in the same application for multiple browser testing, we must construct multiple objects for each browser, which is the worst form of programming. As a result, we establish a WebDriver reference and assign a class object.
39. What is the difference between WebDriver and FirefoxDriver?
FirefoxDriver is a class that implements the WebDriver interface, while WebDriver is an interface.
40. How do you create test cases using Selenium WebDriver?
Using element Locators, Selenium WebDriver methods, and Java programming tools, we may create test scenarios. WebElements are located on the web page using element locators.
To conduct actions on WebElement, Selenium WebDriver methods are needed. Java is used to improve programming capabilities.
To write test cases, there are five fundamental processes that may be used for each test case and any application under test (AUT). These are their names:
Make a new WebDriver instance.
Go to a certain Web page.
Using locators, locate an HTML element on a Web page.
Apply an action to an HTML element.
Execute tests.
41. What exactly is Firebug?
Firebug is a Firefox add-on that inspects HTML web components on a web page during testing.
42. What are WebDriver’s limits and drawbacks?
WebDriver has several restrictions or downsides. They are as follows:
Selenium a. WebDriver is only for testing web-based apps. We are unable to evaluate Windows-based programs, desktop applications, or other software.
c. It is not feasible to run the test on the image.
c. WebDriver does not produce test result files automatically.
d. WebDriver is unable to handle modern browsers.
43. What is the quickest WebDriver implementation?
The HTMLUnit Driver is the most efficient WebDriver implementation.
44. What is Selenium’s HTMLUnitDriver?
HTMLUnitDriver is a tool that is used to quickly implement a web browser for WebDriver.
We cannot view test execution on the screen since the HTML unit driver executes tests in the background without any visible interruption. As a result, test execution becomes quicker than that of other drivers.
45. What’s the difference between HTMLUnitDriver and FirefoxDriver?
There are some difference that we can look at;
- HTMLUnitDriver is more lightweight than FirefoxDriver
- HTMLUnitDriver comes without plugins, unlike Fireforx
- HTMLUnitDriver does not have any GUI while Firefox has it
- HTMLUnitDriver performs test and completes it faster than Fireforx
46.What are the benefits and drawbacks of using absolute XPath with Selenium?
The benefit of utilizing absolute XPath is that it detects elements quickly.
The downside of utilizing absolute XPath is that if anything goes wrong or another tag is inserted in the middle, this route will no longer operate.
47. What is the meaning of Relative XPath in Selenium WebDriver?
Relative XPath is XPath that begins with a double forward slash (//) and selects items from anywhere on the webpage. It is excellent practice to locate items using relative XPath since it reduces the possibility of a “ElementNotFoundException”.
48. What are the benefits and drawbacks of relative XPath in Selenium WebDriver?
The benefit of utilizing relative XPath is that you do not need to write lengthy XPath. You may also begin in the middle.
The drawback of utilizing relative XPath is that it takes longer to identify the element since we supply a partial route rather than the entire path.
49. In XPath, how do you discover items by utilizing attribute values?
We can use XPath to search for items based on their attribute values. Let’s look at an example where we’ll utilize the ID property to identify the username field.
50. What exactly is a dynamic web element on a website?
A dynamic web element is one whose characteristics change dynamically when the web page is refreshed or when other actions are performed on it.
50. In Selenium, what are XPath axes?
XPath axes in Selenium are techniques for identifying dynamic items that cannot be found using standard XPath methods, such as ID, Classname, Name, and so on.
51. What are some of the most regularly utilized XPath axis methods in Selenium WebDriver?
Child, parent, ancestor, sibling, preceding, self, namespace, attribute, and other XPath axis methods are extensively used in Selenium WebDriver.
52. What exactly are atomic values?
Atomic values have no parent, neither do they have any children
53. What exactly is Siblings?
Siblings are nodes that have the same parent. The title and body elements in the preceding XML document are siblings.
More experience with XPath axis methods may be found in this tutorial: XPath Axes with Selenium.
54. How can I use XPath to handle Complex and Dynamic Elements in Selenium?
In selenium, we may manage complicated and dynamic elements in the following manner. These are their names:
Basic XPath XPath Starts with XPath Ends with Using “OR” Statement Using “AND” Statement XPath Text
We hope you enjoyed our blog post about the 50+ important selenium interview questions and answers for 2022. Selenium is a great tool for web developers, and it’s important to be familiar with the questions and answers so that you can ace your next selenium interview! We can’t wait to see the amazing things you will be able to do with this powerful tool, and we wish you the best of luck in your future career as a Selenium tester.
